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- Preliminary Material
- Main Text
- 1 An Overview of International Arbitration
- Preliminary Material
- A Introduction
- (a) Dispute resolution—worldwide
- (b) What is arbitration?
- (c) Conduct of an arbitration
- (d) A brief historical note
- (e) International rules, treaties, and conventions
- (f) Meaning of ‘international’
- (g) The meaning of ‘commercial’
- (h) Key elements of an international arbitration
- (i) Agreement to arbitrate
- (j) Need for a dispute
- (k) Commencement of an arbitration
- (l) Arbitral proceedings
- (m) Decision of the tribunal
- (n) Enforcement of the award
- (o) Summary
- B Why Arbitrate?
- C Alternative Dispute Resolution
- D What Kind of Arbitration?
- E Sovereign States, Claims Commissions, and Tribunals
- F Regulation of International Arbitration
- G Summary
- 2 Agreement to Arbitrate
- Preliminary Material
- A Overview
- B Validity of an Arbitration Agreement
- C Parties to an Arbitration Agreement
- D Analysis of an Arbitration Agreement
- (a) Scope
- (b) Basic elements
- 2.71
- 2.72
- 2.73
- 2.74
- 2.75
- (i) A valid arbitration agreement
- (ii) Number of arbitrators
- (iii) Establishment of the arbitral tribunal
- (iv) Ad hoc or institutional arbitration
- (v) Filling vacancies in the tribunal
- (vi) Place of arbitration
- (vii) Governing law
- (viii) Default clauses
- (ix) Language
- (x) Multi-tier clauses
- (xi) Sole option clauses
- (xii) Other procedural matters
- (c) Separability
- (d) Summary
- E Submission Agreements
- F Arbitrability
- (a) Introduction
- (b) Categories of dispute for which questions of arbitrability arise
- (c) Conclusion
- G Confidentiality
- H Defective Arbitration Clauses
- I Waiver of the Right to Arbitrate
- J Multiparty Arbitrations
- 3 Applicable Laws
- Preliminary Material
- A Overview
- B Law Governing the Agreement to Arbitrate
- C Law Governing the Arbitration
- D Law Applicable to the Substance
- (a) Introduction
- (b) Autonomy of the parties
- (c) National law
- (d) Mandatory law
- (e) Public international law and general principles of law
- (f) Concurrent laws, combined laws, and the tronc commun doctrine
- (g) Transnational law (including the lex mercatoria, the UNIDROIT Principles, trade usages, and Shari’ah)
- (h) Equity and good conscience
- E Conflict Rules and the Search for the Applicable Law
- F Other Applicable Rules and Guidelines
- 4 Establishment and Organisation of an Arbitral Tribunal
- Preliminary Material
- A Background
- B Appointment of Arbitrators
- (a) Introduction
- 4.33
- (i) Agreement of the parties
- (ii) Appointment by arbitral institutions
- (iii) List system
- (iv) Appointment by co-arbitrators of the presiding arbitrator
- (v) Professional institution
- (vi) National courts
- (vii) Appointing authority
- (viii) Designation by the secretary-general of the Permanent Court of Arbitration
- (a) Introduction
- C Qualities Required in International Arbitrators
- D Independence and Impartiality of Arbitrators
- E Challenge and Replacement of Arbitrators
- F Organisation of the Arbitral Tribunal
- G Fees and Expenses of the Arbitral Tribunal
- 5 Powers, Duties, and Jurisdiction of an Arbitral Tribunal
- Preliminary Material
- A Background
- B Powers of Arbitrators
- (a) Introduction
- (b) Sources of arbitrators’ powers
- (c) Common powers of arbitral tribunals
- (i) Establishing the arbitral procedure
- (ii) Determining the applicable law and seat
- (iii) Determining the language of the arbitration
- (iv) Requiring the production of documents
- (v) Requiring the presence of witnesses/subpoenas
- (vi) Administrating oaths
- (vii) Examining the subject matter of the dispute
- (viii) Appointing experts
- (ix) Interim measures
- (x) Security for costs
- (xi) Power to sanction counsel
- (d) Supporting powers of the courts
- C Duties of Arbitrators
- D Jurisdiction
- 6 Conduct of the Proceedings
- Preliminary Material
- A Overview
- B Expedited Procedures
- C Preliminary Steps
- D Written Submissions
- E Collecting Evidence
- (a) Introduction
- (b) Categories of evidence
- (c) Documentary evidence
- (d) Fact witness evidence
- (e) Experts
- (f) Inspection of the subject matter of the dispute
- F Hearings
- G Proceedings after the Hearing
- 7 Role of National Courts during the Proceedings
- Preliminary Material
- A Introduction
- B At the Beginning of the Arbitration
- C During the Arbitral Proceedings
- 7.13
- (a) Interim measures—powers of the arbitral tribunal
- (b) Interim measures—powers of the competent court
- (c) Measures relating to the attendance of witnesses
- (d) Measures related to the preservation of evidence
- (e) Measures related to documentary disclosure
- (f) Measures aimed at preserving the status quo
- (g) Interim relief in respect of parallel proceedings
- D At the End of the Arbitration
- E Conclusion
- 8 Arbitration under Investment Treaties
- Preliminary Material
- A Introduction
- B Jurisdictional Issues
- C Law Applicable to the Substance of the Dispute
- D Merits of the Dispute
- 8.78
- (a) No expropriation without prompt, adequate, and effective compensation
- (b) ‘Fair and equitable treatment’ and the international minimum standard
- (c) Full protection and security
- (d) No arbitrary or discriminatory measures impairing the investment
- (e) National and ‘most favoured nation’ treatment
- (f) Free transfer of funds related to investments
- (g) Observance of specific investment undertakings
- E Measures of Compensation under Bilateral Investment Treaties
- 9 Award
- Preliminary Material
- A Introduction
- B Categories of Award
- C Remedies
- D Deliberations and Decisions of the Tribunal
- (a) Introduction
- (b) Tribunal psychology
- (c) Bargaining process
- (d) Majority voting
- (e) Concurring and dissenting opinions
- E Form and Content of Awards
- F Effect of Awards
- G Proceedings after the Award
- 10 Challenge of Arbitral Awards
- Preliminary Material
- A Introduction
- B Methods of Challenge
- C Grounds for Challenge
- D Effects of Challenge
- E State Responsibility for Wrongful Setting Aside
- 11 Recognition and Enforcement of Arbitral Awards
- Preliminary Material
- A Background
- (a) Introduction
- (b) Performance of awards
- (c) General principles governing recognition and enforcement
- (d) Difference between recognition and enforcement
- (e) Place of recognition and enforcement
- (f) Methods of recognition and enforcement
- (g) Time limits
- (h) Consequences of refusal of recognition or enforcement
- (i) Role of the international conventions
- B Enforcement under the New York Convention
- (a) Introduction
- (b) Refusal of recognition and enforcement
- (c) Grounds for refusal
- (d) First ground for refusal—incapacity; invalid arbitration agreement
- (e) Second ground—no proper notice of appointment of arbitrator or of the proceedings; lack of due process
- (f) Third ground—jurisdictional issues
- (g) Fourth ground—composition of tribunal or procedure not in accordance with arbitration agreement or the relevant law
- (h) Fifth ground—award suspended, or set aside
- (i) Arbitrability
- (j) Public policy
- (k) Other grounds
- C Enforcement under the ICSID Convention
- D Enforcement under Regional Conventions
- E Defence of State Immunity
- 1 An Overview of International Arbitration
- Further Material
- Appendices
- Appendix A UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration 1985
- Appendix B New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards 1958
- Appendix C Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States 1965 (‘Washington Convention’) (excerpts)
- Appendix D UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules (as revised in 2010)
- Appendix E ICSID Institution and Arbitration Rules 2006
- Appendix F ICC Arbitration Rules 2012
- Appendix G ICDR International Arbitration Rules
- Appendix H LCIA Arbitration Rules
- Appendix I UNCITRAL List of Matters for Possible Consideration in Organizing Arbitral Proceedings
- Appendix J IBA Rules on the Taking of Evidence in International Commercial Arbitration
- Appendix K IBA Guidelines on Conflicts of Interest in International Arbitration
- Index
- [54.85.57.0]
- 54.85.57.0
